Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727)
Sir Isaac Newton is known as an English polymath – a polymath, meaning someone, who has a wide understanding of a number of subjects. He was a keen mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. He wrote a pioneering book – “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, published in 1687 which established classical mechanics – which, put very simply, is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. The story goes that the theory of gravity came to him when an apple fell on his head while he sat under a tree.
Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation which became the world view for centuries until Einstein devised the theory of relativity. He also built the first practical reflecting telescope and worked on light, colour, reflection and refraction. In 1703 he was elected the President of the Royal Society. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential scientists in history.