Attitude control are the actions carried out to control the orientation of an object in relation with a specified reference system. The system that turns and maintains a spacecraft in the required direction as indicated by its sensors.

A spacecraft’s attitude needs to be stabilised and controlled for a variety of reasons. It is often needed so that the spacecraft high-gain antenna may be accurately pointed to Earth for communications, so that onboard experiments can establish precise pointing for accurate collection and then the interpretation of data, so that the heating and cooling effects of sunlight and shadow can be used cleverly for thermal control, and also for guidance.

Check out this video: ISS Attitude Control – Torque Equilibrium Attitude and Control Moment Gyroscopes